旋片式真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)泵(beng)(beng)(簡稱旋片泵(beng)(beng))是一種油封(feng)式機械(xie)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)泵(beng)(beng)。其工(gong)作壓(ya)力范圍為101325?1.33 ×
10-2(Pa)屬于(yu)低真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)泵(beng)(beng)。它(ta)(ta)可(ke)以單獨使用(yong)(yong)(yong),也(ye)可(ke)以用(yong)(yong)(yong)作其他(ta)高真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)或超高真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)泵(beng)(beng)的(de)前(qian)級泵(beng)(beng)。它(ta)(ta)已廣泛用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)冶(ye)金,機械(xie),軍工(gong),電子,化工(gong),輕工(gong),石(shi)油和醫藥的(de)生產和科研(yan)部門。
旋(xuan)片式真空(kong)泵可(ke)(ke)以(yi)去除(chu)密封(feng)容器中(zhong)的(de)(de)干燥氣(qi)體。如果安裝了氣(qi)鎮(zhen)裝置,它(ta)也(ye)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)除(chu)去一(yi)定量的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)冷凝氣(qi)體。但是,它(ta)不適(shi)用(yong)于抽出含氧量過(guo)高,對金(jin)屬有(you)腐(fu)蝕性,抽油(you)的(de)(de)化(hua)學反應和粉塵的(de)(de)氣(qi)體。
旋片(pian)式(shi)真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)泵(beng)(beng)是(shi)真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)技(ji)術中(zhong)最基本(ben)的(de)真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)獲取設備之一(yi)。旋片(pian)泵(beng)(beng)主要(yao)是(shi)中(zhong)小(xiao)型泵(beng)(beng)。旋片(pian)泵(beng)(beng)有單級(ji)和(he)雙級(ji)兩(liang)種。所謂的(de)雙級(ji)是(shi)兩(liang)個串聯的(de)單級(ji)泵(beng)(beng)的(de)結構。通常分為(wei)兩(liang)個階段(duan)以獲得更高(gao)的(de)真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)度。旋片(pian)式(shi)真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)泵(beng)(beng)的(de)泵(beng)(beng)速與入(ru)口壓(ya)力之間的(de)關(guan)系規定如下:在入(ru)口壓(ya)力為(wei)1333Pa,1.33Pa和(he)1.33
× 10-1(Pa)時,其泵(beng)(beng)速值不得為(wei)分別低于泵(beng)(beng)的(de)額定抽速的(de)95%。50%和(he)20%。
旋片(pian)(pian)式真空(kong)泵主要由泵體(ti),轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi),旋片(pian)(pian),端蓋,彈簧(huang)等組成(cheng)。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)偏心(xin)地(di)安(an)裝(zhuang)在(zai)旋片(pian)(pian)泵的(de)(de)(de)腔中。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)圓與泵腔的(de)(de)(de)內表面相切(兩者之間(jian)有一個很小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)間(jian)隙)。在(zai)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)槽中安(an)裝(zhuang)了兩個帶彈簧(huang)的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)。在(zai)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)過程中,旋片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)頂部通(tong)過離心(xin)力(li)和(he)彈簧(huang)的(de)(de)(de)拉(la)力(li)保持與泵腔的(de)(de)(de)內壁接觸(chu),并且(qie)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)以驅動(dong)旋片(pian)(pian)沿泵的(de)(de)(de)內壁滑動(dong)腔。
如圖所示,兩(liang)個(ge)旋片將(jiang)由轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子,泵(beng)腔(qiang)和兩(liang)個(ge)端蓋包圍的(de)月牙形(xing)空(kong)間(jian)分成三(san)個(ge)部(bu)分A,B和C。當(dang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子沿箭頭方向旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)時,與吸入(ru)(ru)口(kou)(kou)連通(tong)(tong)的(de)空(kong)間(jian)A的(de)容積逐(zhu)漸增(zeng)加,并(bing)且(qie)處(chu)于(yu)吸入(ru)(ru)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。與排(pai)氣(qi)口(kou)(kou)連通(tong)(tong)的(de)空(kong)間(jian)C的(de)體(ti)積逐(zhu)漸減(jian)小(xiao),并(bing)且(qie)處(chu)于(yu)排(pai)氣(qi)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)空(kong)間(jian)B的(de)體(ti)積逐(zhu)漸減(jian)小(xiao),并(bing)且(qie)處(chu)于(yu)壓(ya)縮過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。由于(yu)空(kong)間(jian)A的(de)體(ti)積逐(zhu)漸增(zeng)加(即擴大(da)),因此氣(qi)壓(ya)降低,并(bing)且(qie)泵(beng)入(ru)(ru)口(kou)(kou)處(chu)的(de)外部(bu)氣(qi)壓(ya)強于(yu)空(kong)間(jian)A中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)壓(ya)力(li),因此氣(qi)體(ti)被吸入(ru)(ru)。
當空(kong)(kong)間(jian)A與進氣(qi)(qi)(qi)口隔離時,將其(qi)轉到空(kong)(kong)間(jian)B的(de)位置,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)開始被壓(ya)縮(suo)(suo),體(ti)積逐漸減小,最后與出氣(qi)(qi)(qi)口連通(tong)。當壓(ya)縮(suo)(suo)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)超過排氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)力時,排氣(qi)(qi)(qi)門被壓(ya)縮(suo)(suo)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)推開,該氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)通(tong)過油箱中(zhong)的(de)油層排放(fang)到大(da)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)。泵(beng)(beng)的(de)連續運(yun)行達到連續泵(beng)(beng)送的(de)目(mu)的(de)。如果廢氣(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)過空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)道(dao)轉移到另一(yi)級(低真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)級),則由低真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)級將其(qi)抽走,然后壓(ya)縮(suo)(suo)到大(da)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)并排放(fang)到大(da)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong),從(cong)而(er)形成兩(liang)級泵(beng)(beng)。此時,總(zong)壓(ya)縮(suo)(suo)比(bi)分為兩(liang)個階段,從(cong)而(er)提高了極限(xian)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)度。
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